Method of producing integral sweat-jointed adapters and the article resulting therefrom



Aug. 10, 1937. E. s. CORNELL. JR 2,089,784

METHOD OF PRODUCING INTEGRAL SWEAT JOINTED ADAPTERS AND THE ARTICLE RESULTING THEREFROM Filed DSC. 24, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 1^ Aug. 10, 1937. E. s. CORNELL, JR 2,089,784

METHOD OF PRODUCING INTEGRAL SWEAT JOINTED ADAPTERS AND THE ARTICLE RESULTING THEREFROM Filed Dec. 24, 1955 2 sheets-sheet 2 :L v v -..mw )ab I? j man i ws I i I v 3a-f f, g4

m Vf- Patented uz. l0, 1937 METHOD F 2,039,184 raonucrNG INTEGRAL SWEAT-JOINTED ADAPTERS AND` THE ARTICLE RESULTING THERE- FROM Edward s. comen, Jr., Lmnmnt, N. Y., assigno1 i to American Badiato r Company, New York,

N. Y., a corporation ol' New Jersey Application Decembe- 24, 1935, serial No. 56,031

13 Claims.

My present invention relates to a method'of producing integral sweat-jointed adapters and the therefrom resulting adapters.

The present invention is particularly directed '5 to the production of integral adapters of copper, or of an alloy or other metallic composition predominantly of copper content, by cold working operations', that is to say, without supplied heat.

More particularly, as to the production of adapters of general cylindrical contour, provided with an intermediately disposed relatively thickened wall portion, bearing a hexagonal or other preferably tapered, for bearing threading, the

punch being subjected to forcible movement rela.-

l tive to the die to eiect integral cold flow of the metal to nal status, the derived adapter being integral and 'of solid wall formation throughout. Adapters producedpursuant to my invention,

varranged for sweat-jointed connection, are formed at Vthe to-be-sweated end of relatively reduced wall thickness, one face of which is substantially smooth and of uniform diameter throughout, such diameter being' of a magnitude Vrelative to the diameter of the end of a pipe or of another fitting to effect a clearance affording capillary and/or surface ow of the bonding medium in iiuld status under heat for etl'dect- 40 ing such sweated joint. For a female joint such smooth uniform diametered face is preferably lprovided with a shoulder, deiining such `smooth face and predetermining the area of the result ing joint capable uponcongealing'of the bonding medium to withstand internal pressure ci the fluid conveyed in use,-also load and other stresses incident in use, stresses arising from expansion' thickness'of the end 'of the pipe or of another thickness to constitute a commercially joint.

rigid In commercial practice, the blank is advanta-` geously a cylindrical annulus, which may beof uniforminner diameter and uniform outer diameter and accordinglyof uniform thickness throughout, whereby in carrying out of my inven. tion the to-b'e-sweated end of the blank is re-A duced in wall thickness by the integral cold flow .of the metal from such to-be-re'duced wallend portion toward and eventually solidly toward and eventually as a portion'of the to-be-enlargedintermediate portion to form the4 desired outwardly polygonal configurated portion of the adapter, and also toward and eventually as a portion of the tobe-enlarged wall end portion, which may be and preferably is also convergently tapered and capable of bearing-threading for threaded Y connection with a mating threaded end of a pipe Y or of anothe/r tting/ i Y If desired, the threading of the threaded end of the adapter may be effected by cold working,

pursuant to my invention.

Further features and objects of the invention will be more fully understood from the following detail description and the. accompanying drawings, in which y Fig. 1 is a side elevation, in vertical vsection of a female type of sweat jointed and male threaded adapter embodying my invention and produced pursuant to my invention.

partly 'broken away Fig.2.is a side elevation partly broken away in vertical section of a length of cylindrical annulus of cubical content of that of the adapter shown in Hg.' 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical view taken through the plane of meeting of a two part, i. e. book die, illus- -trating an initial stage of my processfthe punch being shown in elevation. a; Y Fig. 4 is a view similar izo-Fig. 3 yand illustrating an intermediate stage of my process.

Fig. 5 is a' view similar to Figs.4 3 and 4 and illustrates a nal stage of my process.- Y Fig. 6 shows in elevation, partly broken awV in vertical section, a range boiler adapter of the sweat-jointed type, produced by my cold working method and embodying the product characteristics of my invention.

cubical contentl substantially equal to the adapter of Fig. 6, into which the blank is cold wrought.

Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate in successive stages, comparable to the showings of Figa 3 and 4,

Fig. 7 villustrates one form of blank havinga y vfio steps of myv method of cold working thel blank of Fig. 7 into a nal product from which the adapter of Fig. 6 is produced by threading operation. Y 5 Fig. 10 shows in vertical section, a threaded u nion of the sweat-jointed type, producible by. my method -md embodying the product characteristics of my invention.

Fig. 11 illustrates, similar to Figs. 3 and 8, a stage of my method for producing the upper component element of the union `shown in Fig. 10, whereas Fig. 12 illustrates a similar stage of my method for producing ,in final status by cold working the lower-and-threaded-component ele- 15 ment of the union shown in Fig. 10.

Referring generally to the drawings, the steps of my method indicated in Figs. 2, 4, and 5 are specific to the formation of the illustrated type of female sweat jointed and male threaded adapter of general cylindrical configuration; further, specifc dimensional and outer configuration characteristics are shown. Therefore the type and specific characteristics depicted in the drawings serve asv illustrative of commercial practice of my invention with respect to all types of adapters.

Particular types of adapters embodying my invention and producible pursuant to my method,

are illustrated in Figs. 1, 6, and 10.

Referring to the comparative figures, Figs. 1 and 2, the blank I0 is selected in cubical content and dimensional characteristics in correspondence to the cubical content and final dimensional characteristics of the adapter to be` produced therefrom, namely, that illustrated in Fig. 1. Acf cordingly, its length, indicatedby the double arrowed dotted line Illa, corresponds to the length indicated by the double arrowed dotted line I Ia, of the desired adapter I I; its inner diameter indicated by the double arrowed dotted line IIlb, corresponds to the inner diameter indicated by the double arrowed dotted line IIU, of the threaded end IIc of the adapter II, and its cubical content, i'. e., its'outer diameter and its- -wall thickness, corresponds to the cubical content of the desired adapter II. I

Such length of blank, i. e., cylindrical annulus I0 is placed in a suitable die, conveniently a two part die I2, usually of the book type, the effective cavity-of which is configurated in correspondence to' the configuration of. the desired adapter in final status, suchA cavity including the entrance bore I2a. leading tothe cavity portion indicated at I 2b of a. diameter closely/,approximating 'the outer diameter of the blank I0 and also the outer diameter indicated by' the double arrowed dotted line IId, IId, of the sweat-'fjointed lend of the desired adapter, as shownNin Fig.: 1. Such die lcavity further includes the intermediatelydisposed enlarged recess portion indicated at I2b, l

of the desired hexagonal -or other polygonal en- Vlargement, see IIe, Fig. 1. Preferably, also, the eective cavityjofthe die'includes the terminal recess portion indicated at I2d, see Fig. 3, forsee Fig. 3, in correspondence to the configurationv diameter most closely approximating the inner vdiameter IIb of the threaded end of the adapter, and therefore of close approximation of the inner diameter IIlb of the length of the tube IIl. The

punch comprises further an intermediate body portion I3b immediately adjacent its stated mandrel portion I3a, the outer diameter of the portion I3b, corresponding to the inner diameter of the sweat jointed end, indicated by the double arrowed dotted line IIg, shown in Fig. 1. Such enlargement of dimension of the punch portion |312, relative to the punch portion I3a gives rise to the shoulder or abutment I3c. Il'he punch comprises further theA portion` I3d of relatively enlarged diameter as compared with and' immediately succeeding the stated punch portion I3b, thus giving rise to the shoulder or abutment I3e. The diameterof the punch portion I3d most closely approximates the diameter of the entrancevbore I2a of the die. The diameter of the free end portion I3a of the punch most closely approximates 'the diameter of the lower bore I2f of the die.

Upon application of suitableforce upon thev v head I3f of the punch, forcibly causing the vpunch 25 to be displacedrelative to the die I2, as is indi.- cated in Fig. 4, the stated shoulder. I3c effects a ow of metal at the to-be-sweat-jointed end IU' of the blank III, the shoulderI3c in co-operation with the mandrel -portion I 3u. effecting a solid flow of the metal and graduately and integrally flowing into the enlarged recess portion I2c, tending toward the formation asa solid Wall the vrelatively thickened portion bearing the hexagonal or other polygonal conguration Ile.

Fig. 4 also illustrates the similar cold'ow as an ever integral and ever solid mass of the metal into `the lowerly tapered cavity recess Izzi, toward or fully effecting' the tapered end periphery Ilf of the adapter II, usually and preferablyy desired.

Upon continuation of the stated force upon the punch to nal position, indicated in Fig. 5, the stated cold wrought owof the metal consum-A mates the desired internal and external configurations and desired differential wall thicknesses of K the ultimate adapter. It is observed that additive'to the stated functions the shoulder I3c f the punch-effects the formation of a correspondingly contoured shoulder I Ik of the adapter, desirable in a type of'- female sweat-jointed adapter, such as is shown in Fig. 1. Further, it is observed that the shoulder I3e of the punch serves the dual functions of guiding, and limiting the upward extent of, the flow of metal in the clearance between the punch portion 13b and the entrance bore I2a of the die and eventually to determine and finish the terminal portion of the sweat-jointed end IIi of the adapter.

Preferably, as is shown in Fig. 3, the extent of i movement of the punch I 3 into the bore of the diev is positively safeguarded by the provision of the shoulder |357, hadby suitable enlargement of the bodyof the .head I3f of the punch, which Q shoulder |39 may be arcuate in correspondence tothe Varcuate terminus I2g o f the entrance bore of the die. r

Upon completion of the stated,` or equivalent operations, the produced product i. e. adapter, minus threads in' this instance, is' removed from the die, the punch 4being withdrawn, and the threading then producedby suitable tapping, as will. be understood.

In the stated procedure, the whole of the .cubical content of the cylindrical I0 has'been 75 v in Fig. 6 is a component of a type of range boiler fitting and comprises atone end |57' having an inner face of uniform diameter I5g, and smooth throughout, and of a predetermined area and arranged for sweated connection for an end of a. pipe or the like. The opposite end |50 ofthe fitting at both its inner andouter faces is provided with threading, the threading at its outer face being designated I5c' and at its inner face I5c". The wall I5h of such threaded end I5c is suitably thickened to receive and bear such double threading. Intermediate the ends of the adapter I5 its solid wallv I5h`is further thickened,

. see Ish', to extend laterally of the mean width ofthe adapter, to bear a polygonal conguration I5e. Advantageously, as shown in Fig. 6, the thickened wall portion I5h' of the polygonal conguration I5e, merges with the thick wall portion I 5h, beating the threading I5c', I5c".

The outer threading I5c' may mesh with a threaded opening in a range boiler and the inner threading I5c" may mesh with a threaded end of apipe orthelike. a'

Such adapter I5, pursuant to my invention, may be formed from a blank I6, see Figs. 7 and 8, having a predetermined cubical content corresponding to that of the resulting adapter I5. and of predetermined inner and outer diameter, and

' resulting wall thickness corresponding to a mean wall thickness of, say. the doubly threaded end I5c of the eventual adapter.- As one economical manner of carrying out such form of my method, vsee Figs. 8 and 9, such blank I6 is cold worked -coniigurated portion I5e; further, with a recess llc crresponding'to-the wall formation of the m-be-sweat-connected ena isi. and'furtherwith a lower borellb. The punch I3 corresponds generally (but of lesser number of step formations) t'o the aforesaid punch indicated in Figs.

- 3,4, and .5; like parts are designated by like reference characters. Fig. 8 shows the preliminary stage of placement of the blank I6 with the recess portion of the die and the punch I3 placed in the entrance bore Ila. Fig. 9. shows the concluding stage of the displacement of the punch capable of cold wrought integral flow of metal pursuant to my invention. The particular structure illustrated in Fig.'10 is ofthe threaded union type, the upper component IB having its upper end I 8j adapted, viz. on its inner face, to

be sweat-jointed at its inner face to an end of a pipe or the like, and of uniform diameter, smooth faced and of predetermined area, similarly as above, its lower end being thickened in wall, see lBh. For particular assembly and utility as a component of a union, the' lower face Ik is convergently tapered in the downward direction, to serve as a compression face, as will appear.

Cooperating with such upper component I8, of such `threaded union assembly, is shown in Fig. 10, the lower component I9 having at its upper end an enlarged Wall formation I9h,- -provided at its upper terminus with a lface forma-Y tion I 9k divergently tapered in upward direction, corresponding to the stated convergently tapered face formation IBk, to form a compression joint thereat. The upper enlarged wall formation I9h is also provided with threading I9c, mating with the threading on the inner face of the nut 2Ii,

completing the threaded Lunion assembly, the

.diameter of the wall 20a of the upper opening Aof the nut 20 being less than the outer diameter of the enlarged lower wall formation Iiih of the upper component I8. Y

The lower component I9 further comprises at its end |97' a face, i. e., itsinner face in this instance, which is smooth, of uniform diameter, and predetermined in area by the shoulder I9k, arranged for sweat-connection with an end of a pipe or the like.

'I'he upper component I8, pursuant to my method, may be-formed from `an annular blank 2|, shown positioned inthe cavity of the die 22, such cavity including a recess enlargement 22a and a lowerly recess formation 22b corresponding Ito the iinal formation of the lower end of the upper l component I8, the metal of the blank 2l being subjected to integral cold flow by the operation of the punch I3, which may correspond to the aforesaid punch shown in Figs. 3j 4, and 5.

Like parts are'designated by like reference characters. Upon forced movement of such punch I3, to its lower position indicated by the dot-andvdash line 22e, integral cold flow of the metal enresponding to the punch I3 shown in Figs. 3, 4,- and 5, like parts are designated by like reference characters.

In thbavity of the die 24. the recess formation 24a corresponds to the solid enlarged wall of the enlarged wall formation I9h of the component I9- shown in Fig. 10 and also embodies intaglio thread formations peripherally of the inner wall thereof, whereby upon lforced operation of the punch I3 downwardly `avithin the operating bore of the die 24, namely to its position indicated by the dot-and-dash line 2lb, the metal of the blank 23 is subjected to integral cold flow to effect the desired final wall formation, inclusive of the threading, see I9c, by the intaglio thread formation ofthe die recess 24a. Y

By such integral cold kflow of the metal, particularly of predominant copper content, the -resulting metal possesses superior tensile strength, superior degree lof hardness, immunity from oxi- -dationand/or other deterioration arising from contact with water, liquids and/or gases of the nature of water/within the range of atmospheric temperatures, thermal heating media, domestic and industrial water supplies, refrigeration agents, etc., applicable in the major elds of the more common types of conveyed liquids'.

Whereas I have described my invention by reference to specific forms thereof, it will be understood that many changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim:

1. 'Ihe method of producing` integral adapters of wrought metal of predominant copper content, said adapter including an end portion of relatively `reduced thickness havinga face substantially smooth and of a substantially uniform Adiameter, said adapter further having an end portion of relatively large Wall thickness capable of bearing a threading, said adapter further having a wall portion of relatively enlarged wall thickness bearing an outer configuration of polygonal contour, said method comprising subjecting a blank of substantially cylindrical annulusl of metal -of predominant copper content to punch and die operation toeifect cold flow integral movement of the metal from one end portion of the annulus to reduce the wall thickness thereof and to form a face of substantially uniform diameter thereat, and guiding and limiting such cold flow` vbearing a threading, said adapterfurther having Y a wall portion of relatively enlarged wallthic'kness. bearing an outer. configuration of polygonal contour, said method comprising, subjecting a blank of substantially cylindrical annulus of metal oi' predominant copper content to punch and die operation to effect cold ow integral movement of the metal inwardly from one end portion of the annulus to reduce the wall thickness thereof and -to form a face of v substantially uniform 'diameter thereat, and guiding and limiting such cold flow integrally outwardly of the outer diametrical configuration of A the original blank to produce an enlarged solid wall formation of the desired polygonal configuration, and guiding and limiting such cold flow integrally to form an enlarged solid end portion capableA of bearing threading.

A 3. The method of producing integral adapters l of wrought metal of predominant copper content,

said adapter including an end portion of lrelatively reduced thicknesshaving a face substan tially smoothland of a substantially uniform dimeter, said adapter further having an end portion of relatively large wall thickness capable of bearing a threading, said adapter further having a wall portion of relatively/enlarged wall thickness bearing an outer conguration of polygonal contour, said method comprising subjecting a blank of substantially cylindrical annulus of metal of `predominant copper content to punch and die operation to eect cold flow integral movement of lthe metal from one end portion of the annulus to' reduce the wall thickness thereof and to form a face of substantially uniform diameter thereat, and guiding and limiting such cold flow "integrally outwardly of the outer diametrical configuration A of the original blank to produce an enlarged solid integrally to form an enlarged solid end portion capable of bearing threading, said enlarged end portionl having a wall dimension less than the wall dimensionof said .polygonally conflgrated enlarged portion.

4. The method of producing integral adapters of wrought metal of predominant copper content, said a'dapter including an end portion of rela- "tivelyreduced thickness having a face substantially smooth and of a'substantially uniform diameter, said adapter further having an end portion of relatively large wall thickness capable of bearing a threading, said adapter further having a wall portion of relatively enlarged wall thickness bearing an outer configuration of polygonal contour, said method comprising subjecting a blankof substantially cylindrical annulus of .metal of predominant copper content to punch and die operation to effect cold flowintegral movement of the metal from one end portion of `the annulus to reduce the Wall thickness thereof and to form a face of substantially uniform diameter thereat, and guiding and limiting such cold flow integrally outwardly of the outer diametriealconguration of the original blank to t of wrought metal of predominant copper content,

said adapter including an end portion of relatively reduced thickness having a face substantially smooth and of a substantially uniform diameter, said adapter further having an end portion of relatively large wall thickness capable of bearing a, threading, said adapter further having a wall portion of relatively enlarged wall thickness bearing an outer configuration of poilygonal contour, said method comprising subjecting a blank of substantially cylindrical annulus of metal of predominant copper contentto punch said adapter including an endportion of relatively reduced thickness having a face substantially smooth and of a substantially uniform' diameter, said adapter further having an 'tend portion of relatively large wall thickness capable of bearing a threading, said method comprising subjecting a blank of substantially cylindrical annulus of metal-of predominant copper content to punch and die operation to effect cold ow integral movement of the metal from one end portion of the annulus to reduce the wall thickness thereof and to form a face of substantially uniform diameter thereat, andguiding and limiting such cold flow integrally to form an enlarged solid end portion capable of bearing threading.

v'7. The method of producing integral adapters of wrought metal of predominant copper con- 75 tent, said adapter including an end portion of relatively reduced thickness having a face substantially smooth and of a substantially uniform diameter, said adapter further having an endV portion of relatively large wall' thickness capable of bearing a threading, said method comprising subjecting a blank of substantially cylindrical annulus of metal of predominant copper content to punchl and., die operation to eiect cold ow integral movement of the metal inwardly from one end portion of the annulus to reduce the wall thickness thereof and to form a face of substantially uniform diameter thereat, and guiding an end a face of which is of predetermined area and smooth and of uniform diameter throughout such predetermined area, the wall of said end being solid throughout, said adapter having further a portion spaced from said smooth faced end portion having a thickened wall bearing on its outer face a. polygonal configuration adapted to be engaged by a suitable tool and capable of withstanding stresses incident to the use of such tool, the aforesaid adapter having superior tensilestrength, superior hardness, and immunityv from oxidation in use, said form` and qualities resulting from subjecting a substantially' cylindrical blank of metal of predominant copper content to punch and die operation to effect cold ilow integral movement of the metal of the blank.

9. An adapter of cold wroughtintegral metal,"

predominately of copper content, having one of its ends provided with threading, the wall of such threaded end being solid throughout and having a thickness capable of bearing the threading when threaded to another mating threaded part, said adapter further-having an end a face of which-is of predetermined area and smooth and of uniform diameter throughout such predetermined area, thev wall of said smooth faced end being solid throughout, said adapter having fur-l ther a portion disposed intermediate its said threaded end and its said smooth faced end having a thickened wall bearing on its outer face a. polygonal configuration adapted to be engaged by a suitable tool and capable of withstanding stresses incident to the use of such tool,

the aforesaid adapter having superior .tensile-v predominantly of copper content, having one of its ends provided with internally disposed threading, the wall of such threaded end having a thickness capable of bearing the threading when threaded to another mating vthreaded part, said adapter further having an endl a face of which Visof predetermined area and smooth and of uniform diameter throughout such predetermined larea, said adapter having finther a portion the wall of said endbeing solid throughout -bearing on its outer face a polygonal configuration adapted to be engaged by a suitable tool and capable of withstanding stresses incident to the use of such tool, the aforesaid adapter having superior tensile strength, superior hardness, and immunityfrom oxidation in usersaid form and qualities resulting from subjecting a substantially cylindrical blank of metal of predominant copper content to punch and die operation to effect cold ow integral movement of the metal of the blank. Y

'11. An adapter of cold wrought integral metal predominantly of copper content, having one of its ends provided with internally disposed threading, the wall of such threaded end having a thickness capable of bearing the threading when -threaded to another mating threaded part, said adapter further having an end a. face of which is of predetermined area and smooth and of uniform diameter throughout such predetermined area, said adapter having further a portion disposed intermediate its said threaded end and its said smooth faced end having a thickened wall bearing on its outer face a polygonal configuration adapted to be engaged by a suitable tool and capable of withstanding stresses incident to the use of such tool,'the walls of said' threaded end and of said smooth faced end and of said `thickened wall portion being solid throughout, the aforesaid adapter having superior tensile strength, superior hardness, and

immunity from oxidation in use, said form and qualities resulting from subjecting a substantially cylindrical blank of metal of predominant couper content to punch and die operation to eiect cold ow integral movement of the metal of the blank. A

12. An adapter of cold wrought integral metal, having one of its ends provided with internally disposed threading, the wall of such threaded end having a thickness capable of bearing the threading when threaded to another mating threaded part, said adapter further having an end an inner face of which is smooth throughout and of uniform diameter, said adapter having further a portion coincident with the wall of said internally threaded end and bearing on its outer face a polygonal configuration adapted to be engaged by a suitable tool and capable of Withstanding stresses incident to the use of such tool', and a, shoulder formed inwardly of and integrally with the waliof 4the adapter for predetermining the area of said smooth and uniform diametered face, the walls of v said threaded end and ofsaid smooth faced end and of said thickened wall portion being solid throughout, the aforesaid adapter having superior tensile strength, superior hardness, and immunity from oxidation in use, said form and qualities resulting from subjecting a substantially cylindrical blank of metal of predominant copper content to punch and die operation to effect cold flow integral movement of the metal of the blank.

13. An adapter of cold wrought integral metal predominantly of copper content, having one of itsV ends provided with threading, the wall of such threaded end having a thickness lcapable of bearing the threading when threaded/to another mating threaded part, said adapter further having an end a face of which is smooth throughout and of uniformdiameter, said adapter having further a. portion spaced from said smooth faced end portion having a thickened wall bearing on its outer face a polygonal conguration adapted to be engaged by a suitable tool and capable of withstanding stresses incident to the use of such tool, and a. shoulder formed inwardly of and integrally with the wall of the adapter for predetermining the area oi said smooth and vuniform diametered face, the walls of said threaded end and of said smooth faced end and of said thickened'wall portion being solid throughout,

the aforesaid adapter having superior tensile strength, superior hardness, and immunity from `6Y spaans-1.

blank of metal of predominant copper content to punch and die operation to .effect cold flow integral movement of the metal o f the blank.

EDWARD s. CORNELL, Jn. 

